Georgia: The Empire State of the South

Known affectionately as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South, Georgia is a cornerstone of the American Southeast. From the bustling urban center of Atlanta to the serene marshes of the coast, Georgia blends a rich, complex history with a dynamic modern economy. Admitted to the Union on January 2, 1788, it stands as the fourth state to join the United States.

Key Facts

Capital: Atlanta (also the largest city)
Population: Approximately 11,302,748 (2025 est.)
State Motto: "Wisdom, Justice & Moderation"
Highest Point: Brasstown Bald (4,783 ft)
Official Language: English
Median Household Income: $74,600 (2023)

Geography and Climate

2024 U.S. presidential election results by county in Georgia Democratic Republican

Georgia spans 59,420 square miles, ranking 24th in total area. Its terrain is diverse, ranging from the high elevations of the Appalachian Mountains in the north to the Atlantic coastal plains in the south.

The state's highest point is Brasstown Bald, reaching 4,783 feet, while its lowest point is the Atlantic Ocean at sea level.

The state's ecology is equally varied, featuring the vast Okefenokee Swamp and the unique coastal environment of Jekyll Island.

Georgia's climate is generally temperate, though it is subject to significant weather events, such as the "Storm of the Century" in March 1993. The state's elevation and climate patterns are critical to its diverse biological landscape.

Köppen climate classification types of Georgia

Image of March 1993 Storm of the Century covering the length of the east coast; the outline of Georgia is discernible in the center of the image

History and Civil Rights

Georgia's history is marked by periods of intense growth and social struggle. In the 19th century, the state's economy relied heavily on cotton production and the labor of enslaved people.

During the American Civil War, Georgia was a primary theater of conflict, exemplified by the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in 1864.

Following the war, the state entered a period of Reconstruction and later the era of Jim Crow laws, which established de jure segregation—segregation that is legally required.

A so-called "Colored" waiting room sign in 1943 at a bus terminal in Rome, Georgia, where Jim Crow laws created "de jure" legally required segregation

The 20th century saw Georgia become a focal point for the American Civil Rights Movement, led by figures such as Martin Luther King Jr., whose legacy is preserved in Atlanta.

Martin Luther King Jr.'s tomb at Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park in Atlanta

Demographics and Society

As of 2025, Georgia is the 8th most populous state in the U.S. The population is diverse, with Non-Hispanic Whites making up 50.1% and Non-Hispanic African Americans comprising 30.6% of the population. Hispanic or Latino residents account for 10.5%.

Map of counties in Georgia by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census Legend Non-Hispanic White 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% 90%+ Black or African American 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80%

Population density is highest in the Atlanta metropolitan area, which serves as the state's primary economic and cultural hub.

Population density by census tract in the state of Georgia, 2020

While English is the official language, spoken by over 85% of the population, Spanish is the second most common language, spoken by approximately 7.82% of residents.

Largest alone or in any combination ethnic origin by county in Georgia, per the 2020 census [67]

Economically, the state shows significant variance in wealth across different counties, reflecting the divide between urban centers and rural agricultural regions.

Map displaying Georgia's median income by country

Economy and Infrastructure

Georgia possesses a multifaceted economy. While agriculture remains vital—particularly cotton and peanuts—the state has diversified into high-growth sectors.

Atlanta has emerged as a global hub for film production, hosting major projects like Captain America: Civil War. The state also relies on strong logistics, energy production, and military installations such as Fort Stewart.

Filming of Captain America: Civil War in Atlanta, 2015

Transportation is anchored by the Port of Brunswick and the extensive MARTA rapid transit system in Atlanta.

The Port of Brunswick and the Sidney Lanier Bridge

Culture and Landmarks

Georgia's cultural identity is a blend of Southern tradition and modern urbanity. Savannah is renowned for its historic River Street and City Hall, while Atlanta is home to the iconic Fox Theatre and the Georgia State Capitol.

Savannah's River Street is a popular tourist destination.

The Fox Theatre in Midtown Atlanta, centerpiece of the Historic District

The Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta, with the distinctive gold dome

The state is also a center for higher education, featuring the University of Georgia in Athens and Georgia Tech in Atlanta.

The Arch at the entrance to the University of Georgia's North Campus

Georgia's influence extends to global media, from the former CNN Center to the enduring legacy of the novel and film Gone with the Wind.

The 1939 film Gone with the Wind (trailer pictured), and the 1936 novel by Margaret Mitchell, are set in Georgia

State Symbols

Georgia's natural beauty is reflected in its official symbols, which highlight the state's unique flora and fauna.

Official State Symbols of Georgia
Category	Symbol
Flower	Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata)
Tree	Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
Fruit	Peach (Prunus persica)
Vegetable	Vidalia onion
Bird	Brown thrasher
Amphibian	American green tree frog
Reptile	Gopher tortoise
Song	"Georgia on My Mind"

Rosa laevigata (Cherokee rose), the state flower

Quercus virginiana (Live oak), the state tree at Valdosta State University

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the largest city in Georgia?

Atlanta is both the capital and the largest city in the state.

What are the nicknames of Georgia?

Georgia is commonly known as the "Peach State" and the "Empire State of the South."

What is the highest point in Georgia?

The highest elevation in the state is Brasstown Bald, which reaches 4,783 feet.

Which major industries drive Georgia's economy?

Georgia's economy is driven by agriculture (especially peaches and peanuts), film production, logistics, energy, and military installations.

What is the official state flower of Georgia?

The official state flower is the Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata).