United Kingdom Census 2021 and 2022
The 2021–2022 United Kingdom censuses marked the 23rd time the UK has conducted a comprehensive population count. A census is a systematic process of collecting, compiling, and analyzing demographic, economic, and social data regarding all residents of a country at a specific point in time. While most of the UK synchronized their efforts in 2021, Scotland's count took place a year later, reflecting the unique administrative and legislative needs of the different nations.
Key Facts
- England, Wales, and Northern Ireland conducted their censuses on 21 March 2021.
- Scotland conducted its census on 20 March 2022.
- The Office for National Statistics (ONS) managed the process for England and Wales.
- The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) managed Northern Ireland.
- The National Records of Scotland (NRS) managed Scotland.
- Data for England, Wales, and Northern Ireland was supported by data supplier Leidos Innovations.
Administrative Framework and Coordination
The execution of the census was split across three primary authorities to ensure regional accuracy. In England and Wales, Professor Sir Ian Diamond served as the National Statistician. In Northern Ireland, the process was led by Registrar Siobhán Carey, and in Scotland, Tim Ellis served as the Registrar General.
The preparation for the 2021 census was a multi-year endeavor. The work programme began with research ending in March 2015, followed by design and prototyping through December 2016. Testing occurred in 2017, and development continued through 2018. A rehearsal phase took place between January 2019 and June 2020, leading into the actual collection operations from July 2020 to December 2021. The final stages involved analysis and dissemination in 2022–23, with evaluation and future planning scheduled for 2023–24.
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Regional Implementation
England and Wales
The ONS utilized rehearsal areas including Carlisle, Ceredigion, Hackney, and Tower Hamlets to refine the process. The census employed household and other specialized forms to capture a complete snapshot of the population.
Northern Ireland
NISRA conducted a rehearsal on 13 October 2019, focusing on areas such as Ravenhill and Queens in Belfast, as well as Craigavon and West Fermanagh. Their approach included household, individual, and other form types.
Scotland
Scotland's census was delayed until 2022. Rehearsals were conducted in Dumfries and Galloway, Glasgow City, and the whole of Na h-Eileanan Siar. The Scottish process faced significant challenges, including a low response rate that required a deadline extension and an additional £6 million in spending, eventually closing 6% short of the target.
Demographic Insights and Results
The census data revealed critical shifts in the UK's social fabric. One of the most prominent findings was the ageing population; in certain analyzed regions, over one million people were aged 65 and over (1,091,000), while the population under 15 stood at only 832,300.
The 2021 census for England and Wales also introduced questions on gender identity for the first time. Approximately 262,000 people (0.5%) reported that their gender identity differed from their sex registered at birth. However, these figures were later subject to review by the Office for Statistics Regulation due to concerns regarding potential overestimation.
| Region | Census Date | Authority | Registrar/Lead |
|---|---|---|---|
| England & Wales | 21 March 2021 | ONS | Sir Ian Diamond |
| Northern Ireland | 21 March 2021 | NISRA | Siobhán Carey |
| Scotland | 20 March 2022 | NRS | Tim Ellis |
Legal and Social Challenges
The census was not without controversy. In England and Wales, a legal challenge was mounted regarding the guidance for the "What is your sex" question, leading the government to concede and modify the guidance. In Scotland, similar legal disputes occurred regarding the ability of transgender people to self-identify their sex, though the courts ultimately allowed this practice to continue.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why was the Scottish census held in 2022 instead of 2021?
The census in Scotland was delayed by one year, primarily due to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic.
Who was responsible for collecting the data in England and Wales?
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) was the issuing organisation, with Leidos Innovations serving as the data supplier.
What did the census reveal about the UK's age demographics?
The data indicated an ageing population, with the number of people aged 65 and over (1,091,000) significantly exceeding the number of people under 15 (832,300).
How many people in England and Wales identified as having a gender identity different from their birth sex?
A total of 262,000 people, or approximately 0.5% of the population, reported that their gender identity was different from their sex registered at birth.
What happened with the Scottish census response rate?
The Scottish census experienced a low response rate, leading to a deadline extension and an additional cost of £6 million, yet it still closed 6% short of its target.