macOS Big Sur: The Bridge to Apple Silicon
Released on November 12, 2020, macOS Big Sur (version 11) represents one of the most significant milestones in the history of Apple's desktop operating system. More than just a visual refresh, Big Sur served as the critical architectural bridge during Apple's transition from Intel processors to its own custom Apple silicon (ARM64 architecture).
Announced at the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) on June 22, 2020, Big Sur introduced a design language that brought the Mac closer to the aesthetic of iOS and iPadOS, while fundamentally altering how the system handles security and hardware compatibility.
Key Facts
- Version: macOS 11 (Seventeenth major release).
- Release Date: November 12, 2020.
- Architecture: Supports both x86-64 (Intel) and ARM64 (Apple Silicon).
- Kernel: Hybrid XNU based on Darwin (BSD).
- Latest Version: 11.7.11, released February 2, 2026.
- Preceded by: macOS Catalina; Succeeded by: macOS Monterey.
System Requirements
To run macOS Big Sur, users required hardware from the following eras or later:
- iMac: Mid 2014 or later
- iMac Pro: 2017
- MacBook: Early 2015 or later
- MacBook Air: Mid 2013 or later
- MacBook Pro: Late 2013 or later
- Mac Mini: Late 2014 or later
- Mac Pro: Late 2013 or later
Major System Changes and Design
Big Sur introduced a comprehensive overhaul of the user interface. The most notable addition was the Control Center, a centralized hub for quick access to system settings, mirroring the functionality found on iPhones and iPads. The Notification Center was also redesigned for better organization.
Architectural Advancements
Under the hood, Apple implemented a Signed System Volume, which enhances security by ensuring the core operating system files are cryptographically signed and read-only, preventing unauthorized modifications.
The Time Machine backup utility underwent a complete overhaul to better utilize the Apple File System (APFS), improving the efficiency and reliability of system backups.
Hardware and App Integration
Big Sur was the first macOS version to natively support Apple silicon, allowing for unprecedented performance and energy efficiency. Furthermore, it introduced the ability to run certain iOS and iPadOS applications directly on the Mac, blurring the line between mobile and desktop ecosystems.
Application Enhancements
Several core applications received significant updates to align with the new system design and functionality.
Safari 14
Safari 14 focused on modernization and performance. Notably, it ended support for Adobe Flash Player in September 2020, three months before the technology's official end-of-life.
Mac App Store
The App Store was refined to include a dedicated extensions category for Safari and enabled the sharing of in-app purchases and subscriptions via iCloud Family Sharing.
Other App Updates
- Voice Memos: Introduced a folder-based file structure, "Favorites" marking, and Smart Folders for Apple Watch recordings. It also added audio enhancement to reduce background noise and reverb.
- Notes: Added a collapsible pinned section and improved scanning and formatting options.
- Photos: Received a new Retouch tool, improved editing capabilities, and a new zooming feature.
- FaceTime: Added prominence for sign language.
Technical Summary
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Developer | Apple |
| OS Family | Macintosh (Unix/Darwin) |
| Supported Platforms | x86-64, ARM64 |
| License | Proprietary with open-source components |
| Update Method | Software Update |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the most significant change in macOS Big Sur?
The most significant change is the transition to Apple silicon (ARM64), allowing Macs to run on Apple's own chips while maintaining compatibility with Intel-based Macs.
Did macOS Big Sur remove any features?
Yes, the Calculator Notification Center Widget and the option to toggle Font Smoothing in System Preferences were removed. Additionally, the Network Utility was deprecated.
How did Safari 14 handle the end of Adobe Flash?
Safari 14 ended support for Adobe Flash Player in September 2020, ahead of the official December 31, 2020, end-of-life date.
What is the Signed System Volume?
It is a security feature that creates a read-only, cryptographically signed volume for the system files, making it much harder for malware to modify the core OS.
Can I run iPad apps on macOS Big Sur?
Yes, Big Sur introduced support for running a selection of iOS and iPadOS applications on Mac computers powered by Apple silicon.