Ekspress-AM22: A Legacy of Russian Satellite Communications
The Ekspress-AM22 (also known as SESAT-2) was a pivotal communications satellite operated by the Russian Satellite Communications Company (RSCC). Designed to bridge vast distances, this spacecraft provided essential connectivity across Europe, Russia, Siberia, and Asia, serving as a critical node in the Russian satellite infrastructure for over a decade and a half.
Key Facts
- Operator: RSCC / Eutelsat Communications
- Mission Duration: 15 years (exceeding the planned 12 years)
- Launch Date: December 28, 2003
- Orbit Type: Geostationary orbit (GEO)
- Payload: 24 Ku-band transponders
- Launch Vehicle: Proton-K / DM-2M
Technical Specifications and Design
The Ekspress-AM22 was built using a collaborative engineering approach. The spacecraft utilized the MSS-2500-GSO bus (the structural frame and support systems), manufactured by NPO PM, while the specialized communication payload was developed by Alcatel Space. This combination allowed the satellite to maintain a launch mass of 2,600 kg and a dry mass of 590 kg.
To power its communications equipment, the satellite was equipped with a 6 kW power system, ensuring the stability of its 24 Ku-band transponders. The Ku-band is a segment of the microwave radio spectrum used primarily for satellite television and data broadcasting due to its ability to handle high bandwidth.
[ไม่มีภาพประกอบ]Mission Timeline and Orbital Operations
Launched from Baikonur Site 200/39 by the Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, the satellite reached orbit via a Proton-K / DM-2M rocket. It officially entered service on March 9, 2004.
Throughout its operational life, the Ekspress-AM22 shifted its position to meet changing communication needs. From 2004 to 2015, it was stationed at 53° East longitude. Between 2015 and 2019, it was relocated to 80° East longitude to continue providing coverage across its target regions.
After achieving a total operational lifespan of 15 years—surpassing its original 12-year design goal—the satellite was deactivated in January 2019. Following standard space debris mitigation protocols, it was moved to a graveyard orbit, a disposal orbit located above the geostationary belt to prevent collisions with active satellites.
[ไม่มีภาพประกอบ]Satellite Summary Table
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| COSPAR ID / SATCAT | 2003-060A / 28134 |
| Spacecraft Type | KAUR |
| Launch Mass | 2,600 kg |
| Power Output | 6 kW |
| Coverage Area | Europe, Russia, Siberia, Asia |
| Service Period | 2004 – 2019 |
Frequently Asked Questions
What was the primary purpose of Ekspress-AM22?
The primary purpose of Ekspress-AM22 was to provide communications services, specifically utilizing Ku-band transponders to cover Russia, Siberia, Europe, and Asia.
Who were the manufacturers of the satellite?
The satellite bus was manufactured by NPO PM, while the communication payload was provided by Alcatel Space.
How long did the satellite remain operational?
Although it was planned for a 12-year mission, the satellite achieved a total operational lifespan of 15 years.
What happened to the satellite after it was deactivated?
In January 2019, after being deactivated, the satellite was moved into a graveyard orbit for permanent disposal.
Which rocket was used to launch Ekspress-AM22?
The satellite was launched using a Proton-K rocket equipped with a DM-2M upper stage.